Relating to business entities.
relating to business entities.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Section 1.002(55-a), Business Organizations
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(55-a) “National securities exchange” means:
(A) an exchange registered as a national
securities exchange under Section 6, Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (15 U.S.C. Section 78f); or
(B) a stock exchange that:
(i) has its principal office in this state;
and
(ii) has received approval by the
securities commissioner under Subchapter C, Chapter 4005,
Government Code.
SECTION 2. Subchapter B, Chapter 1, Business Organizations
Code, is amended by adding Section 1.056 to read as follows:
Sec. 1.056. LAWS GOVERNING FORMATION, INTERNAL AFFAIRS, AND
GOVERNANCE OF DOMESTIC ENTITY. (a) The plain meaning of the text
of this code may not be supplanted, contravened, or modified by the
laws or judicial decisions of any other state.
(b) The managerial officials of a domestic entity, in
exercising their powers with respect to the domestic entity, may
consider the laws and judicial decisions of other states and the
practices observed by entities formed in those other states. The
failure or refusal of a managerial official to consider, or to
conform the exercise of the managerial official’s powers to, the
laws, judicial decisions, or practices of another state does not
constitute or imply a breach of this code or of any duty existing
under the laws of this state.
SECTION 3. Section 2.115(b), Business Organizations Code,
is amended to read as follows:
(b) The governing documents of a domestic entity [may
require], consistent with applicable state and federal
jurisdictional requirements, may require:
(1) that any internal entity claims shall be brought
only in a court in this state; and
(2) that one or more courts in this state having
jurisdiction shall serve as the exclusive forum and venue for any
internal entity claims.
SECTION 4. Subchapter B, Chapter 2, Business Organizations
Code, is amended by adding Section 2.116 to read as follows:
Sec. 2.116. WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY. (a) In this section,
“internal entity claim” has the meaning assigned by Section 2.115.
(b) The governing documents of a domestic entity may contain
an enforceable waiver of the right to a jury trial concerning any
internal entity claim, regardless of whether the applicable
governing document is signed by the members, owners, officers, or
governing persons.
(c) A waiver of jury trial in the governing documents of a
domestic entity shall be a knowing and informed waiver of a person
who:
(1) voted for or affirmatively ratified the governing
document containing the waiver;
(2) acquired an equity security of the domestic entity
at a time at which the waiver was included in the governing
documents; or
(3) is otherwise shown by evidence satisfactory to an
appropriate court to have knowingly and informedly consented or
acquiesced to the waiver.
SECTION 5. Section 4.051, Business Organizations Code, is
amended to read as follows:
Sec. 4.051. GENERAL RULE. (a) A filing instrument
submitted to the secretary of state takes effect on filing, except
as permitted by Section 4.052 or as provided by the provisions of
this code that apply to the entity making the filing or other law.
(b) Subject to Subsection (c), a revised filing instrument,
curing the deficiencies in the initial rejected filing instrument
identified by the secretary of state, is considered filed as of the
date of the delivery to the secretary of state of the initial
rejected filing instrument and takes effect as specified in this
subchapter if the revised filing instrument:
(1) is delivered to the secretary of state not later
than the 10th business day following the date on which the notice of
rejection is mailed by the secretary of state;
(2) is found to be acceptable by the secretary of
state; and
(3) is the first revised filing instrument.
(c) Subsection (b) applies to a filing instrument that
creates or forms a new domestic entity or amends the name of an
existing domestic entity only if:
(1) the name of the new domestic entity or the amended
name of the existing domestic entity, as applicable, was reserved
under Subchapter C, Chapter 5, or was registered under Subchapter
D, Chapter 5, with the secretary of state by or on behalf of the
filer on or before the date the initial rejected filing instrument
is delivered to the secretary of state; and
(2) the name reservation or registration remains in
effect at least until the revised filing instrument delivered to
the secretary of state under Subsection (b) takes effect.
SECTION 6. Section 21.218, Business Organizations Code, is
amended by amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsections (b-2) and
(b-3) to read as follows:
(b) On written demand stating a proper purpose, a holder of
shares of a corporation for at least six months immediately
preceding the holder’s demand, or a holder of at least five percent
of all of the outstanding shares of a corporation, is entitled to
examine and copy, at a reasonable time at the corporation’s
principal place of business or other location approved by the
corporation and the holder, the corporation’s books, records of
account, minutes, share transfer records, and other records,
whether in written or other tangible form, if the records are
[record is] reasonably related to and appropriate to examine and
copy for that proper purpose. For purposes of this subsection, the
records of the corporation shall not include e-mails, text messages
or similar electronic communications, or information from social
media accounts unless the particular e-mail, communication, or
social media information affects an action by the corporation.
(b-2) This subsection applies only to a corporation that has
a class or series of voting shares listed on a national securities
exchange or that has made an affirmative election to be governed by
Section 21.419. For purposes of Subsection (b), a written demand
shall not be for a proper purpose if the corporation reasonably
determines that the demand is in connection with:
(1) an active or pending derivative proceeding in the
right of the corporation under Subchapter L that is or is expected
to be instituted or maintained by the holder or the holder’s
affiliate; or
(2) an active or pending civil lawsuit to which the
corporation, or its affiliate, and the holder, or the holder’s
affiliate, are or are expected to be adversarial named parties.
(b-3) Subsection (b-2) does not impair any rights of:
(1) the holder or the holder’s affiliate to obtain
discovery of records from the corporation in:
(A) a civil lawsuit described by Subsection
(b-2)(2); or
(B) the derivative proceeding subject to Section
21.556; or
(2) the holder to obtain a court order to compel
production of records of the corporation for examination by the
holder as provided by Subsection (c).
SECTION 7. Section 21.416, Business Organizations Code, is
amended by adding Subsection (g) to read as follows:
(g) This subsection applies only to a corporation that has a
class or series of voting shares listed on a national securities
exchange or that has made an affirmative election to be governed by
Section 21.419. The board of directors may adopt resolutions that
authorize the formation of a committee of independent and
disinterested directors to review and approve transactions,
whether or not contemplated at the time of the committee’s
formation or a petition under Section 21.4161, involving the
corporation or any of its subsidiaries and a controlling
shareholder, director, or officer.
SECTION 8. Subchapter I, Chapter 21, Business Organizations
Code, is amended by adding Section 21.4161 to read as follows:
Sec. 21.4161. DETERMINATION OF INDEPENDENT AND
DISINTERESTED DIRECTORS. (a) A corporation that adopts a
resolution to authorize the formation of a committee of independent
and disinterested directors under Section 21.416(g) may petition a
court having appropriate jurisdiction to hold an evidentiary
hearing to determine whether the directors appointed to the
committee are independent and disinterested with respect to any
transactions involving the corporation or any of its subsidiaries
and a controlling shareholder, director, or officer.
(b) In the petition, the corporation shall designate legal
counsel to act on behalf of the corporation and its shareholders,
other than the controlling shareholder, director, or officer
involved in the transaction, and shall give notice to the
shareholders of the designated counsel and the petition.
(c) If the corporation has a class of its shares listed on a
national securities exchange, the notice required by Subsection (b)
may be provided through the filing of a current report with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance with
the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C.
Section 78 et seq.), and any rules promulgated under that Act.
(d) Promptly after receiving a petition, and not earlier
than the 10th day after the date the notice required under
Subsection (b) is given, the court shall hold a preliminary hearing
to determine the appropriate legal counsel to represent the
corporation and its shareholders, other than the controlling
shareholder, director, or officer involved in the transaction,
whether or not the same as the legal counsel identified in the
petition. Any other legal counsel representing a shareholder,
other than the controlling shareholder, director, or officer
involved in the transaction, may participate in the hearing to
request designation by the court as the appropriate legal counsel.
(e) After the court determines the appropriate legal
counsel under Subsection (d), the court shall promptly hold an
evidentiary hearing as to whether the directors on the committee
are independent and disinterested with respect to transactions
involving the corporation or any of its subsidiaries and a
controlling shareholder, director, or officer. The appropriate
legal counsel determined under Subsection (d) and legal counsel for
the corporation may participate in the hearing. After hearing and
reviewing the evidence presented, the court shall make its
determination as to whether the directors on the committee are
independent and disinterested.
(f) The court’s determination that the directors are
independent and disinterested under Subsection (e) shall be
dispositive in the absence of facts, not presented to the court,
constituting evidence sufficient to prove that one or more of those
directors is not independent and disinterested with respect to a
particular transaction involving the corporation or any of its
subsidiaries and a controlling shareholder, director, or officer.
SECTION 9. Section 21.418, Business Organizations Code, is
amended by adding Subsection (f) to read as follows:
(f) This subsection applies only to a corporation that has a
class or series of voting shares listed on a national securities
exchange or has made an affirmative election to be governed by
Section 21.419. Regardless of whether the conditions of Subsection
(b) are satisfied, neither the corporation nor any of the
corporation’s shareholders will have a cause of action against any
director or officer for breach of duty with respect to the making,
authorization, or performance of the contract or transaction
because the director or officer had the relationship or interest
described by Subsection (a) or took any of the actions authorized by
Subsection (d) unless the cause of action is permitted by Section
21.419.
SECTION 10. Subchapter I, Chapter 21, Business
Organizations Code, is amended by adding Section 21.419 to read as
follows:
Sec. 21.419. PRESUMPTIONS FOR DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF
CERTAIN CORPORATIONS. (a) This section applies only to a
corporation that has:
(1) a class or series of voting shares listed on a
national securities exchange; or
(2) included in its governing documents a statement
affirmatively electing to be governed by this section.
(b) In taking or declining to take any action on any matters
of a corporation’s business, a director or officer is presumed to
act:
(1) in good faith;
(2) on an informed basis;
(3) in furtherance of the interests of the
corporation; and
(4) in obedience to the law and the corporation’s
governing documents.
(c) Neither a corporation nor any of the corporation’s
shareholders has a cause of action against a director or officer of
the corporation as a result of any act or omission in the person’s
capacity as a director or officer unless:
(1) the claimant rebuts one or more of the
presumptions established by Subsection (b); and
(2) it is proven by the claimant that:
(A) the director’s or officer’s act or omission
constituted a breach of one or more of the person’s duties as a
director or officer; and
(B) the breach involved fraud, intentional
misconduct, an ultra vires act, or a knowing violation of law.
(d) The presumptions established by this section:
(1) are in addition to any legal presumption arising
under common law or this code, in favor of any managerial official
of a corporation to which this section applies; and
(2) do not abrogate, preempt, or lessen any other
defense, presumption, immunity, or privilege under other
constitutional, statutory, case, or common law or rule provisions,
in favor of any managerial official of any domestic entity,
including any corporation to which this section does not apply.
(e) In alleging fraud, intentional misconduct, an ultra
vires act, or a knowing violation of the law under Subsection
(c)(2)(B), a party must state with particularity the circumstances
constituting the fraud, intentional misconduct, ultra vires act, or
knowing violation of law.
(f) This section does not limit the effect of a provision
contained in the certificate of formation or similar instrument of
a corporation limiting monetary liability of a governing person as
permitted by Section 7.001.
SECTION 11. Section 21.551(2), Business Organizations
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(2) “Shareholder” includes:
(A) a shareholder as defined by Section 1.002;
(B) [or] a beneficial owner whose shares are held
in a voting trust or by a nominee on the beneficial owner’s behalf;
or
(C) two or more shareholders acting in concert
under an informal or formal agreement or understanding with respect
to a derivative proceeding.
SECTION 12. Section 21.552(a), Business Organizations
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(a) Subject to Subsection (b), a shareholder may not
institute or maintain a derivative proceeding unless:
(1) the shareholder:
(A) was a shareholder of the corporation at the
time of the act or omission complained of; or
(B) became a shareholder by operation of law
originating from a person that was a shareholder at the time of the
act or omission complained of; [and]
(2) the shareholder fairly and adequately represents
the interests of the corporation in enforcing the right of the
corporation; and
(3) for a corporation with common shares listed on a
national securities exchange or that has made an affirmative
election to be governed by Section 21.419, at the time the
derivative proceeding is instituted, the shareholder beneficially
owns a number of the common shares sufficient to meet the required
ownership threshold to institute a derivative proceeding in the
right of the corporation identified in the corporation’s
certificate of formation or bylaws, provided that the required
ownership threshold does not exceed three percent of the
outstanding shares of the corporation.
SECTION 13. Section 21.554, Business Organizations Code, is
amended by amending Subsection (b) and adding Subsections (c), (d),
(e), and (f) to read as follows:
(b) The court shall appoint a panel under Subsection (a)(3)
if the court determines [finds] that the individuals recommended by
the corporation are independent and disinterested and are otherwise
qualified with respect to expertise, experience, independent
judgment, and other factors considered appropriate by the court
under the circumstances to make the determinations. An individual
appointed by the court to a panel under this section may not be held
liable to the corporation or the corporation’s shareholders for an
action taken or omission made by the individual in that capacity,
except for an act or omission constituting fraud or wilful
misconduct.
(c) Before the corporation’s determination of how to
proceed on the allegations under Subsection (a), the corporation
may petition the court in which the derivative proceeding has been
instituted, or a court having proper jurisdiction if no derivative
proceeding has been instituted, to request a determination as to
whether the directors identified or appointed under Subsection
(a)(1) or (2) are independent and disinterested with respect to the
allegations made in the demand.
(d) For purposes of Subsection (c), if a derivative
proceeding was not instituted, the corporation must promptly
deliver a copy of the petition to the shareholder making the demand
who will have the right, if promptly exercised, to challenge the
petition before the court makes its determination.
(e) After hearing and reviewing the evidence presented, the
court shall make its determination as to whether the directors are
independent and disinterested.
(f) A court’s determination that the directors or
individuals are independent and disinterested under this section
shall be dispositive in the absence of discovery of facts, not
presented to the court, constituting evidence sufficient to prove
that one or more of those directors or individuals are not
independent and disinterested.
SECTION 14. Section 21.561, Business Organizations Code, is
amended by adding Subsection (c) to read as follows:
(c) For purposes of Subsection (b), a substantial benefit to
the corporation does not include additional or amended disclosures
made to the shareholders, regardless of materiality.
SECTION 15. Section 21.562(a), Business Organizations
Code, is amended to read as follows:
(a) In a derivative proceeding brought in the right of a
foreign corporation, the matters covered by this subchapter are
governed by the laws of the jurisdiction of formation of the foreign
corporation, except for Sections 21.555, 21.560, and 21.561, which
with respect to foreign corporations are procedural provisions and
do not relate to the internal affairs of the foreign corporation,
unless applying the laws of the jurisdiction of formation of the
foreign corporation requires otherwise with respect to Section
21.555.
SECTION 16. (a) Section 4.051, Business Organizations
Code, as amended by this Act, applies only to a filing instrument
submitted to the secretary of state on or after the effective date
of this Act. A filing instrument submitted to the secretary of
state before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law
in effect on the date the filing instrument was submitted, and the
former law is continued in effect for that purpose.
(b) Sections 21.552(a) and 21.561, Business Organizations
Code, as amended by this Act, apply only to a derivative proceeding
instituted on or after the effective date of this Act. A derivative
proceeding instituted before the effective date of this Act is
governed by the law in effect on the date the proceeding was
instituted, and the former law is continued in effect for that
purpose.
SECTION 17. This Act takes effect immediately if it
receives a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each
house, as provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution.
If this Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate
effect, this Act takes effect September 1, 2025.
