AUSTIN (KXAN) — The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) reported a sharp rise in pertussis (whooping cough) cases in 2024, with the number of cases so far this year nearly tripling compared to the same period in 2023. This increase is part of a larger national trend, where preliminary data shows a more than fivefold surge in cases across the United States.
According to the DSHS, pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It often begins with cold-like symptoms and progresses to severe coughing fits that can cause vomiting or a characteristic “whooping” sound when inhaling.
In infants, the illness may seem different, with symptoms like gagging, gasping, vomiting and even difficulty breathing. Infants under 1-year-old, who are not fully immunized, are at the highest risk of severe complications, including hospitalization and death, the department said.
Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent pertussis, the department said, but it is important to note that vaccinated individuals can still contract the disease as immunity wanes over time.
The DSHS emphasized the importance of ensuring that individuals—especially pregnant women and young children—receive the recommended doses of the DTaP and Tdap vaccines. Clinicians are urged to confirm vaccination histories, test suspected cases promptly and begin treatment with antibiotics as soon as possible.
Early treatment with antibiotics, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, is critical for reducing illness severity and limiting the spread of the disease, especially in high-risk populations, the department noted.
The DSHS also stresses the importance of infection control in health care settings, recommending droplet precautions for suspected or confirmed pertussis cases until patients have completed five days of appropriate antibiotic treatment. Additionally, people with suspected pertussis should stay home from school, work and public places until they’ve been treated with antibiotics for at least five days.
For the general public, the DSHS advises anyone showing symptoms of pertussis to isolate themselves and contact a health care provider for testing and treatment. Routine preventive measures, such as washing hands frequently and covering coughs and sneezes, are also essential to limit the spread of the bacteria.
The DSHS said individuals are encouraged to check their vaccination status and consult their health care provider about staying up to date on pertussis vaccinations, particularly if they’ve been exposed to someone with the disease.
For more information, visit the DSHS website.