In June 2023, during a Congressional hearing, August Lee Pfluger II, an American politician and reserve military officer serving as the U.S. representative for Texas’s 11th congressional district, confronted Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator for the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) Joseph Goffman about the United States’ annual electricity demand. To the surprise of many, Goffman could not provide an estimate, highlighting a significant gap in knowledge within the agency tasked with guiding the Biden administration’s emissions regulation policies.